Indicated to combat acute pain and fever, metamizole is one of the most commonly consumed active ingredients in Spain. It has many trade names, but we often find it in its generic form, either in 575 mg capsules, ampoules or injections.

It is a drug which is the opposite of anti-inflammatory like ibuprofenHas a good digestive tolerance and is very safe, but, like all drugs, it is not free from side effects, some of them serious, so it should be taken with caution, not more than a week in a row and under a prescription Doctor’s.

As the CIMA (Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products) warns in the data sheet for this active ingredient, metamizole can cause a variety of side effects, from mild to moderate, such as a slight drop in blood pressure – something that happens to one in ten. Patient-, a rash occurs in one in 100, an allergic reaction in one in 1,000, or other very rare, such as agranulocytosis or severe kidney and liver problems. In general, we can divide the adverse effects into five groups:

Blood related. Metamizole can cause leukopenia, which is a decrease in the number of white blood cells in the blood. If this deficiency is very severe, it is known as agranulocytosis, which is a very rare but very serious side effect, as it can compromise the patient’s life. This reaction is not dose-dependent and can appear at any time, and even in patients who have previously received metamizole without any problems. Metamizole can also decrease the number of red blood cells and platelets.

Allergies. Metamizole can cause allergic reactions of lesser or greater severity, ranging from skin rashes, urticaria or rhinosinusitis to asthma or anaphylactic shock, which are very rare. For this reason, it is recommended that people with asthma or atopy take it with caution and, in the case of patients at high risk of anaphylactoid reactions, evaluate whether treatment is appropriate.

in blood pressure, In one in 10 patients, blood pressure may be decreased, particularly in patients with pre-existing arterial hypotension, hypovolemia, dehydration, circulatory instability, early circulatory failure, or very high fever. In these cases, hypotension can be severe.

Skin reactions. Although very rare, metamizole can cause serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), which can be life-threatening. can be dangerous or serious. The first warning sign is the presence of vesicles or blisters, erythema, mouth ulcers or ulcers.

Liver. In some cases, cases of hepatitis have been reported, which manifest with symptoms such as jaundice, skin rash, fever, increased blood levels of liver enzymes … Most patients recover after discontinuation of treatment, but In isolated cases it turns into acute liver failure.

Kidneys. In rare cases, metamizole can cause kidney damage, which manifests as inflammation of the kidneys (interstitial nephritis), decreased or suppressed urine output, increased amounts of protein excreted in the urine, or chromaturia (discoloration of the urine). unusual color).

Other very rare side effects They can be gastrointestinal bleeding, Conis syndrome (a type of heart disorder), or sepsis (a serious infection that involves an inflammatory response of the whole body).

As warned by the Spanish Agency for Medicine and Health Products, if we are taking metamizole and notice any of these symptoms, we should go to a medical center as soon as possible:

•to feel sickNausea, vomiting, fever, feeling tired, loss of appetite…

• Symptoms of liver damage, such as light-colored stools, yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, itching, rash or pain in the upper abdomen.

• Allergy symptoms, such as skin and mucosal reactions (itching, burning, redness, swelling, hives…), difficulty breathing, swelling of the feet, hands, lips, throat or airways…

• Hematological or cardiac signs: Heart rhythm disturbances and decreased blood pressure, very pale skin, fatigue…

In addition, it is recommended that people who have previously had allergic or hematological reactions to drugs containing metamizole or other similar compounds, suffer from symptoms of asthma, rhinitis or urticaria, suffer from acute porphyria, glucose-6 For genetic deficiency-, do not take metamizole. There are changes in phosphate dehydrogenase, bone marrow function, and during pregnancy and lactation.

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